Glossary of Tech Terms

A

1. Agile: A project management approach that emphasizes flexibility, customer collaboration, and rapid delivery of functional software.
2. AI (Artificial Intelligence): The simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think and learn like humans.
3. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.
4. API (Application Programming Interface): A set of protocols and tools for building software applications that specifies how software components should interact.
5. AR (Augmented Reality): An interactive experience where the real-world environment is enhanced with computer-generated information.
6. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A character encoding standard for electronic communication.
7. AWS (Amazon Web Services): A comprehensive cloud computing platform provided by Amazon.
8. Azure: Microsoft’s cloud computing platform for building, testing, deploying, and managing applications and services.

B

9. Bandwidth: The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path in a network.
10. Big Data: Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations.
11. Biometrics: The measurement and statistical analysis of people’s unique physical and behavioral characteristics.
12. Blockchain: A decentralized, distributed ledger technology that records transactions across many computers.
13. Bluetooth: A wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances.
14. Bot: An automated program that runs over the Internet, often designed to do repetitive tasks.
15. Browser: A software application used to access information on the World Wide Web.
16. Bug: An error, flaw, or fault in a computer program that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result.

C

17. Cache: A hardware or software component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served faster.
18. Cloud Computing: The delivery of computing services over the Internet, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics.
19. CMS (Content Management System): Software that helps users create, manage, and modify content on a website without specialized technical knowledge.
20. Coding: The process of creating instructions for computers using programming languages.
21. Cryptocurrency: A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.
22. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): A style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML.
23. Cybersecurity: The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.
24. CAPTCHA: A type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human.

D

25. Data Mining: The process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.
26. Database: An organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically.
27. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service): A malicious attempt to disrupt normal traffic of a targeted server by overwhelming it with a flood of Internet traffic.
28. DevOps: A set of practices that combines software development and IT operations to shorten the systems development life cycle.
29. DNS (Domain Name System): A hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.
30. Docker: A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers.
31. Domain: The address of a website that users type in their browser’s address bar to visit the site.
32. Download: The process of transferring data from a remote system to a local system.

E

33. E-commerce: Commercial transactions conducted electronically on the Internet.
34. Encryption: The process of encoding information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it.
35. Ethernet: A family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN).
36. Exabyte: A unit of information equal to one quintillion bytes, or one billion gigabytes.
37. Exploit: A piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to cause unintended behavior in computer software or hardware.
38. Extension: A small software program that customizes the browsing experience or adds functionality to an application.
39. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Business process management software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business.
40. Edge Computing: A distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the sources of data.

F

41. Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
42. Framework: A platform for developing software applications that provides a foundation on which software developers can build programs for a specific platform.
43. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
44. Full Stack: Referring to developers who are comfortable working with both back-end and front-end technologies.
45. Firmware: A specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device’s specific hardware.
46. FOSS (Free and Open Source Software): Software that is both free software and open-source software where anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way.
47. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array): An integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing.
48. Fuzzing: An automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer program.

G

49. GUI (Graphical User Interface): A form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicators.
50. Git: A distributed version-control system for tracking changes in source code during software development.
51. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): A specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
52. Gig Economy: A labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs.
53. Gigabyte: A unit of information equal to one billion bytes.
54. GIS (Geographic Information System): A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.
55. Google Cloud Platform: A suite of cloud computing services that runs on the same infrastructure that Google uses internally for its end-user products.
56. Gamification: The application of game-design elements and game principles in non-game contexts.

H

57. Hacker: A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data.
58. Hardware: The physical components of a computer system.
59. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.
60. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): An application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML.
61. Hub: A common connection point for devices in a network.
62. Hyperlink: A reference to data that the user can directly follow, or that is followed automatically.
63. Hypervisor: Software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines.
64. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface): A proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data.

I

65. IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development.
66. IoT (Internet of Things): The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
67. IP Address: A unique address that identifies a device on the Internet or a local network.
68. ISP (Internet Service Provider): An organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
69. IT (Information Technology): The use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information.
70. Iteration: The repetition of a process in order to generate a sequence of outcomes.
71. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): An Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.
72. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): A form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet.

J

73. Java: A popular, object-oriented programming language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
74. JavaScript: A high-level, interpreted programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification.
75. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): A commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images.
76. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.
77. JVM (Java Virtual Machine): An abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run a Java program.
78. Jailbreaking: The process of removing software restrictions imposed by iOS, Apple’s operating system.
79. JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks): A collection of hard drives that have not been configured to act as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) array.
80. JIT (Just-In-Time) Compilation: A way of executing computer code that involves compilation during execution of a program rather than before execution.

K

81. Kernel: The core of a computer’s operating system with complete control over everything in the system.
82. Keylogger: A type of surveillance software that records keystrokes made by a user.
83. Kilobyte: A unit of information equal to 1,024 bytes.
84. Kubernetes: An open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
85. KPI (Key Performance Indicator): A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives.
86. Kerberos: A computer network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner.
87. Kotlin: A cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference.
88. KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine): A virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor.

L

89. LAN (Local Area Network): A computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.
90. Linux: A family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel.
91. Load Balancing: The process of distributing network or application traffic across multiple servers.
92. LTE (Long-Term Evolution): A standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals.
93. LAMP Stack: An archetypal model of web service stacks, named as an acronym of the names of its original four open-source components: Linux operating system, the Apache HTTP Server, the MySQL relational database management system, and the PHP programming language.
94. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): A remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth.
95. LOSSLESS Compression: A class of data compression algorithms that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
96. LOSSY Compression: A class of data encoding methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content.

M

97. Machine Learning: A field of artificial intelligence that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to “learn” from data.
98. Malware: Software that is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
99. MERN Stack: A JavaScript software stack that includes MongoDB, Express.js, React, and Node.js.
100. Metadata: Data that provides information about other data.
101. Microservices: A software development technique that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.
102. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions): An Internet standard that extends the format of email to support text in character sets other than ASCII, non-text attachments, message bodies with multiple parts, and header information in non-ASCII character sets.
103. Modem: A hardware device that converts data between transmission media.
104. MVC (Model-View-Controller): A software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides an application into three interconnected parts.

N

105. NAS (Network Attached Storage): A file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.
106. NFC (Near Field Communication): A set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices to establish communication by bringing them within 4 cm of each other.
107. Node.js: An open-source, cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment that executes JavaScript code outside of a browser.
108. NoSQL: A class of database management systems that are non-relational and generally do not use SQL.
109. NLP (Natural Language Processing): A subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language.
110. NTFS (New Technology File System): A proprietary file system developed by Microsoft for use on the Windows NT family of operating systems.
111. NAT (Network Address Translation): A method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
112. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology): A physical sciences laboratory and non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce.

O

113. OAuth: An open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites but without giving them the passwords.
114. OOP (Object-Oriented Programming): A programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data and code.
115. Open Source: Software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance.
116. Operating System: System software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
117. ORM (Object-Relational Mapping): A programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems using object-oriented programming languages.
118. OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection model): A conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology.
119. OTA (Over-the-Air) Update: The wireless delivery of new software, firmware, or other data to mobile devices.
120. OCR (Optical Character Recognition): The electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text.

P

121. PaaS (Platform as a Service): A category of cloud computing services that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.
122. Packet: A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network.
123. PHP: A popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development.
124. Phishing: The fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.
125. PNG (Portable Network Graphics): A raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.
126. Podcast: A digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or mobile device, typically available as a series.
127. Port: A communication endpoint in an operating system.
128. Python: An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language.

Q

129. QA (Quality Assurance): A way of preventing mistakes and defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering products or services to customers.
130. QR Code (Quick Response Code): A type of matrix barcode that can be read by smartphones and dedicated QR reading devices.
131. Query: A request for data or information from a database table or combination of tables.
132. Queue: A collection of entities that are maintained in a sequence and can be modified by the addition of entities at one end of the sequence and the removal of entities from the other end of the sequence.
133. Quantum Computing: The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.
134. QWERTY: The most common modern-day keyboard layout for Latin script.
135. QoS (Quality of Service): The description or measurement of the overall performance of a service, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.
136. QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections): A general-purpose transport layer network protocol designed by Google.

R

137. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks): A storage technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy and performance improvement.
138. RAM (Random Access Memory): A form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code.
139. REST (Representational State Transfer): An architectural style for providing standards between computer systems on the web, making it easier for systems to communicate with each other.
140. RGB (Red, Green, Blue): A color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.
141. Router: A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
142. Ruby: A dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.
143. RDBMS (Relational Database Management System): A database management system based on the relational model of data.
144. RSS (Really Simple Syndication): A web feed that allows users and applications to access updates to websites in a standardized, computer-readable format.

S

145. SaaS (Software as a Service): A software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted.
146. SCRUM: An agile framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products.
147. SDK (Software Development Kit): A collection of software development tools in one installable package.
148. SEO (Search Engine Optimization): The process of increasing the quality and quantity of website traffic by increasing the visibility of a website or a web page to users of a web search engine.
149. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): An Internet standard for electronic mail transmission.
150. SQL (Structured Query Language): A domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system.
151. SSD (Solid State Drive): A solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently.
152. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): A standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client.

T

153. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The basic communication language or protocol of the Internet.
154. Terabyte: A unit of information equal to one trillion bytes or 1,000 gigabytes.
155. Thread: The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler.
156. TLS (Transport Layer Security): Cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security over a computer network.
157. Trojan Horse: A type of malware that is often disguised as legitimate software.
158. Two-Factor Authentication: A method of confirming a user’s claimed identity by utilizing something they know (password) and a second factor other than something they have or something they are.
159. TypeScript: A programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and adds optional static typing to the language.
160. TOR (The Onion Router): Free and open-source software for enabling anonymous communication.

U

161. UI (User Interface): The space where interactions between humans and machines occur.
162. UNIX: A family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems.
163. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
164. USB (Universal Serial Bus): An industry standard that establishes specifications for cables, connectors and protocols for connection, communication and power supply between computers, peripheral devices and other computers.
165. UX (User Experience): A person’s emotions and attitudes about using a particular product, system or service.
166. Ubuntu: A free and open-source Linux distribution based on Debian.
167. UDP (User Datagram Protocol): One of the core members of the Internet protocol suite.
168. UML (Unified Modeling Language): A general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering.

V

169. VPN (Virtual Private Network): Extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.
170. Version Control: A system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later.
171. Virtualization: The act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.
172. VM (Virtual Machine): An emulation of a computer system.
173. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): A methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol networks.
174. VR (Virtual Reality): A simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world.
175. VLAN (Virtual LAN): Any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer.
176. VRAM (Video RAM): A type of RAM specifically used to store image data for a computer display.

W

177. WAN (Wide Area Network): A telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area.
178. Web 2.0: Websites that emphasize user-generated content, ease of use, participatory culture and interoperability for end users.
179. WebSocket: A computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection.
180. Wi-Fi: A family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access.
181. WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get): A system in which content during editing appears very similar to the final product.
182. WWW (World Wide Web): An information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators, which may be interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet.
183. Wearable Technology: Smart electronic devices that can be worn on the body as implants or accessories.
184. WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication): A free, open-source project that provides web browsers and mobile applications with real-time communication via simple application programming interfaces.

X

185. XML (eXtensible Markup Language): A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
186. XSS (Cross-Site Scripting): A type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications.
187. XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language): Part of the family of XML markup languages that mirrors or extends versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language.
188. X86: A family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU.
189. XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol): A communication protocol for message-oriented middleware based on XML.
190. XaaS (Anything as a Service): A collective term said to stand for a number of things including “X as a service,” “anything as a service” or “everything as a service.”
191. XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations): A language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL Formatting Objects.
192. XPath (XML Path Language): A query language for selecting nodes from an XML document.

Y

193. YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language): A human-readable data-serialization language commonly used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted.
194. Yottabyte: A unit of digital information equal to one septillion bytes.
195. Y2K: A class of computer bugs related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates beginning in the year 2000.
196. YAGNI (You Aren’t Gonna Need It): A principle of extreme programming that states a programmer should not add functionality until deemed necessary.
197. Yocto Project: An open source collaboration project that provides templates, tools and methods to help create custom Linux-based systems for embedded products.
198. YUV: A color encoding system typically used as part of a color image pipeline.
199. YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator): A resource management and job scheduling technology.
200. YOLO (You Only Look Once): A state-of-the-art, real-time object detection system in computer vision.

Z

201. Zero-day: A computer-software vulnerability that is unknown to those who should be interested in mitigating the vulnerability.
202. ZIP: A file format used for data compression and archiving.
203. Zombie: A computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker, computer virus or trojan horse and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction.
204. Zettabyte: A unit of information equal to one sextillion bytes or 1,000 exabytes.
205. Z-Wave: A wireless communications protocol used primarily for home automation.
206. Zen Coding: A set of plug-ins for text editors that allow for high-speed coding and editing in HTML, XML, XSL, and other structured code formats.
207. Zeroconf: A set of techniques that automatically creates a usable computer network based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) when computers or network peripherals are interconnected.
208. ZFS (Zettabyte File System): A combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems.

Numbers and Symbols

209. 3D Printing: The process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
210. 4G: The fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G.
211. 5G: The fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks.
212. 8-bit: A descriptor for computer architectures that use 8 bits as a unit of data.
213. 32-bit: A descriptor for computer architectures that use 32 bits as a unit of data.
214. 64-bit: A descriptor for computer architectures that use 64 bits as a unit of data.
215. 802.11: A set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods.
216. .NET: A free, cross-platform, open source developer platform for building many different types of applications.

A (continued)

217. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): A set of web development techniques using many web technologies on the client side to create asynchronous web applications.
218. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): A communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address.
219. ARPANET: The precursor to the Internet, developed by DARPA.
220. Assembly Language: A low-level programming language for a computer, or other programmable device.
221. Asymmetric Cryptography: A cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, which may be disseminated widely, and private keys, which are known only to the owner.
222. Asynchronous: Occurring at different times; not synchronous.
223. Attenuation: The reduction in amplitude and intensity of a signal.
224. Augmented Reality (AR): An interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information.

B (continued)

225. Backend: The part of a computer system or application that is not directly accessed by the user, typically responsible for storing and manipulating data.
226. Backdoor: A method of bypassing normal authentication in a computer system, securing remote access to a computer, or obtaining access to plaintext while maintaining encryption.
227. Bandwidth Throttling: The intentional slowing or speeding of an internet service by an Internet service provider.
228. Bare Metal: A computer system without an operating system installed.
229. Bash (Bourne Again Shell): A Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne Shell.
230. Baud Rate: The number of signal or symbol changes that occur per second in a digitally modulated signal or a line code.
231. Bayesian Filter: A statistical technique of e-mail filtering, commonly used to identify spam email.
232. Beaconing: The process of transmitting a signal at regular intervals.

C (continued)

233. CAD (Computer-Aided Design): The use of computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.
234. CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart): A type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human.
235. CDN (Content Delivery Network): A geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers.
236. CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): A method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing.
237. CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor): A technology for constructing integrated circuits.
238. CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing): A mechanism that allows restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain outside the domain from which the first resource was served.
239. CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete): The four basic functions of persistent storage.
240. CSV (Comma-Separated Values): A delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values.

D (continued)

241. DAC (Discretionary Access Control): A type of access control defined by the TCSEC as “a means of restricting access to objects based on the identity of subjects and/or groups to which they belong.”
242. Data Lake: A system or repository of data stored in its natural/raw format, usually object blobs or files.
243. Data Mart: A subset of a data warehouse oriented to a specific business line or team.
244. Data Warehouse: A system used for reporting and data analysis, and is considered a core component of business intelligence.
245. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service): A cyber-attack where the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.
246. Defragmentation: The process of reducing the amount of fragmentation in file systems.
247. Demoware: A version of software with limited functionality distributed for demonstration purposes.
248. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): A network management protocol used on Internet Protocol networks whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network.

E (continued)

249. ECC (Error-Correcting Code): A system of adding redundant data, or parity data, to a message, such that it can be recovered by a receiver even when a number of errors were introduced, either during the process of transmission, or on storage.
250. ECMAScript: A scripting-language specification standardized by Ecma International.
251. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): The electronic transfer of data between computer systems using a standardized format.
252. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): A type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data.
253. Embedded System: A computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system.
254. Emulator: Hardware or software that enables one computer system to behave like another computer system.
255. Encryption: The process of encoding information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it.
256. EULA (End-User License Agreement): A legal contract between a software application author or publisher and the user of that application.

F (continued)

257. FAT (File Allocation Table): A computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it.
258. Fiber Optics: The transmission of information by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber.
259. FIFO (First In, First Out): A method for organizing and manipulating a data buffer, where the oldest (first) entry, or ‘head’ of the queue, is processed first.
260. Fintech: Computer programs and other technology used to support or enable banking and financial services.
261. Firmware: A specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device’s specific hardware.
262. FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second): A measure of computer performance, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.
263. FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name): The complete domain name for a specific computer, or host, on the internet.

264. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

265. FOSS (Free and Open Source Software): Software that is both free software and open-source software where anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way.

266. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array): An integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing.

G (continued)

267. Gateway: A node in a computer network, a key stopping point for data on its way to or from other networks.

268. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): A bitmap image format that supports animations and uses a palette of up to 256 colors.

269. GNU: An extensive collection of free software, which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems.

270. GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network): A fiber-optic telecommunications technology for delivering broadband network access to end-customers.

271. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): A specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.

272. Grep: A command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression.

H (continued)

273. Hadoop: An open-source software framework for storing data and running applications on clusters of commodity hardware.

274. Hash Function: Any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values.

275. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface): A proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data.

276. Hexadecimal: A positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.

277. HIDS (Host-based Intrusion Detection System): An application that monitors and analyzes the internals of a computing system.

278. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): An extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol for secure communication over a computer network.

I (continued)

279. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): A supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite.

280. IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development.

281. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): An Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.

282. Infotainment: A type of media which provides a combination of information and entertainment.

283. Ingress: The act of entering; in networking, it refers to traffic that enters a network or system.

284. IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second): A performance measurement used to characterize computer storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), and storage area networks (SAN).

J (continued)

285. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity): An application programming interface for the programming language Java, which defines how a client may access a database.

286. JIT (Just-In-Time) Compilation: A way of executing computer code that involves compilation during execution of a program rather than before execution.

287. JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks): A collection of hard drives that have not been configured to act as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) array.

288. JVM (Java Virtual Machine): An abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run a Java program.

K (continued)

289. Kerberos: A computer network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner.

290. Kernel Panic: A safety measure taken by an operating system’s kernel upon detecting an internal fatal error in which it either cannot safely recover or cannot continue to run without causing major data loss.

291. KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine): A virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor.

292. KPI (Key Performance Indicator): A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives.

L (continued)

293. LaTeX: A document preparation system for high-quality typesetting.

294. LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol): An open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol network.

295. Load Balancer: A device that acts as a reverse proxy and distributes network or application traffic across a number of servers.

296. Lossless Compression: A class of data compression algorithms that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

M (continued)

297. MAC Address (Media Access Control Address): A unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.

298. Mainframe: A computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing, and high-volume transaction processing.

299. Malvertising: The use of online advertising to spread malware.

300. MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output): A method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmission and receiving antennas to exploit multipath propagation.

N (continued)

301. NAT (Network Address Translation): A method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.

302. NFC (Near Field Communication): A set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices to establish communication by bringing them within 4 cm of each other.

303. NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection System): A system that tries to detect malicious activity such as denial of service attacks, port scans or attempts to crack into computers by monitoring network traffic.

304. NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express): A host controller interface and storage protocol created to accelerate the transfer of data between enterprise and client systems and solid-state drives over a computer’s high-speed Peripheral Component Interconnect Express bus.

O (continued)

305. OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode): A light-emitting diode in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current.

306. OOP (Object-Oriented Programming): A programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data and code.

307. OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project): An online community that produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.

308. OCR (Optical Character Recognition): The electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text.

P (continued)

309. P2P (Peer-to-Peer): A distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers.

310. PaaS (Platform as a Service): A category of cloud computing services that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.

311. Payload: The part of transmitted data that is the actual intended message.

312. PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express): A high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard.

Q (continued)

313. QoS (Quality of Service): The description or measurement of the overall performance of a service, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.

314. Quantum Computing: The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.

315. Query Language: A computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems.

316. QWERTY: The most common modern-day keyboard layout for Latin script.

R (continued)

317. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks): A storage technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy and performance improvement.

318. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol): A proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection.

319. Refactoring: The process of restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior.

320. RegEx (Regular Expression): A sequence of characters that define a search pattern.

S (continued)

321. SAAS (Software as a Service): A software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted.

322. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment): A computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.

323. Scalability: The capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.

324. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface): A set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices.

T (continued)

325. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): One of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite.

326. TDD (Test-Driven Development): A software development process that relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle.

327. Telnet: A protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.

328. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): A computer file format for storing raster graphics images.

U (continued)

329. UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter): A computer hardware device for asynchronous serial communication in which the data format and transmission speeds are configurable.

330. UDP (User Datagram Protocol): One of the core members of the Internet protocol suite.

331. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface): A specification that defines a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware.

332. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): An electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails.

V (continued)

333. Virtualization: The act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.

334. VLAN (Virtual LAN): Any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer.

335. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): A methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol networks.

336. VPN (Virtual Private Network): Extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.

W (continued)

337. WAF (Web Application Firewall): A firewall that monitors, filters and blocks HTTP traffic to and from a web application.

338. WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication): A free, open-source project that provides web browsers and mobile applications with real-time communication via simple application programming interfaces.

339. Wi-Fi: A family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access.

340. WORM (Write Once Read Many): A data storage device in which information, once written, cannot be modified.

X (continued)

341. X.509: A standard defining the format of public key certificates.

342. XML (eXtensible Markup Language): A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

343. XSS (Cross-Site Scripting): A type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications.

344. XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations): A language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL Formatting Objects.

Y (continued)

345. YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language): A human-readable data-serialization language commonly used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted.

346. Yottabyte: A unit of digital information equal to one septillion bytes.

347. YAGNI (You Aren’t Gonna Need It): A principle of extreme programming that states a programmer should not add functionality until deemed necessary.

348. YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator): A resource management and job scheduling technology.

Z (continued)

349. Zero-day: A computer-software vulnerability that is unknown to those who should be interested in mitigating the vulnerability.

350. Zettabyte: A unit of information equal to one sextillion bytes or 1,000 exabytes.

351. Zombie: A computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker, computer virus or trojan horse and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction.

352. ZFS (Zettabyte File System): A combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems.

Additional Terms

353. Agile: A set of practices for software development where requirements and solutions evolve through collaborative effort.

354. Blockchain: A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system.

355. Cloud Computing: The delivery of different services through the Internet, including data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software.

356. Cryptography: The practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties.

357. Data Science: An interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data.

358. DevOps: A set of practices that combines software development and IT operations to shorten the systems development life cycle.

359. Edge Computing: A distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the sources of data.

360. Ethereum: An open-source, blockchain-based, decentralized software platform used for its own cryptocurrency, ether.

361. Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

362. Hadoop: An open-source software framework used for distributed storage and processing of big data sets.

363. Internet of Things (IoT): The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.

364. Kubernetes: An open-source container-orchestration system for automating application deployment, scaling, and management.

365. Machine Learning: A subset of artificial intelligence that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.

366. Microservices: A software development technique that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.

367. Neural Network: A series of algorithms that endeavors to recognize underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the way the human brain operates.

368. OAuth: An open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites but without giving them the passwords.

369. Quantum Cryptography: The science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.

370. Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots.

371. Serverless Computing: A cloud computing execution model in which the cloud provider runs the server, and dynamically manages the allocation of machine resources.

372. TensorFlow: An open-source software library for dataflow and differentiable programming across a range of tasks, developed by Google.

373. Unified Communications: The integration of enterprise communication services such as instant messaging, presence information, voice, mobility features, audio, web & video conferencing, fixed-mobile convergence, desktop sharing, data sharing, call control and speech recognition with non-real-time communication services such as unified messaging.

374. Wearable Technology: Smart electronic devices that can be worn on the body as implants or accessories.

375. 5G: The fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks.

376. Augmented Reality (AR): An interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information.

377. Biometrics: The measurement and statistical analysis of people’s unique physical and behavioral characteristics.

378. Chatbot: A computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the Internet.

379. Docker: A set of platform as a service products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers.

380. Encryption: The process of encoding information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it.

381. Fintech: Computer programs and other technology used to support or enable banking and financial services.

382. Gamification: The application of typical elements of game playing to other areas of activity, typically as an online marketing technique to encourage engagement with a product or service.

383. Hypervisor: Software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines.

384. Immersive Technology: Technology that attempts to emulate a physical world through the means of a digital or simulated world.

385. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): An open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects.

386. Kotlin: A cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference.

387. Low-Code Development: A visual approach to software development that enables faster delivery of applications through minimal hand-coding.

388. Middleware: Software that provides common services and capabilities to applications outside of what’s offered by the operating system.

389. NoSQL: A class of database management systems that are non-relational and generally do not use SQL.

390. Open Source: Software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance.

391. Progressive Web App (PWA): A type of application software delivered through the web, built using common web technologies including HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

392. Quantum Supremacy: The potential ability of quantum computing devices to solve problems that classical computers practically cannot.

393. Responsive Web Design: An approach to web design that makes web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes.

394. Scrum: An agile framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products.

395. Terraform: An open-source infrastructure as code software tool that provides a consistent CLI workflow to manage hundreds of cloud services.

396. UI/UX (User Interface/User Experience): The user interface is how a user interacts with a device or application, while user experience is the overall experience of a person using a product such as a website or computer application.

397. Virtual Reality (VR): A simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world.

398. WebAssembly: A binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine, designed as a portable target for compilation of high-level languages like C, C++, and Rust.

399. XaaS (Anything as a Service): A collective term said to stand for a number of things including “X as a service,” “anything as a service” or “everything as a service.”

400. Zero Trust Security: A security concept centered on the belief that organizations should not automatically trust anything inside or outside its perimeters and instead must verify anything and everything trying to connect to its systems before granting access.

401. Ansible: An open-source software provisioning, configuration management, and application-deployment tool.

402. Big Data: Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations.

403. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): A method to frequently deliver apps to customers by introducing automation into the stages of app development.

404. Data Mining: The process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.

405. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Business process management software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business.

406. Fuzzy Logic: A form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1.

407. GraphQL: An open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs, and a runtime for fulfilling queries with existing data.

408. Hashing: The transformation of a string of characters into a usually shorter fixed-length value or key that represents the original string.

409. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): A form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.

410. Jenkins: An open source automation server which enables developers around the world to reliably build, test, and deploy their software.

411. Kafka: A distributed streaming platform that is used for building real-time data pipelines and streaming apps.

412. Load Testing: The process of putting demand on a software system or computing device and measuring its response.

413. Microcontroller: A small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

414. NLP (Natural Language Processing): A subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language.

415. ORM (Object-Relational Mapping): A programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems using object-oriented programming languages.

416. Penetration Testing: An authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed to evaluate the security of the system.

417. Quantum Bit (Qubit): The basic unit of information in quantum computing.

418. Redux: An open-source JavaScript library for managing application state.

419. Selenium: A portable framework for testing web applications.

420. Tensorflow: An open-source software library for dataflow and differentiable programming across a range of tasks.

421. Unit Testing: A software testing method by which individual units of source code are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.

422. Vue.js: An open-source model–view–viewmodel front end JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

423. Web Scraping: A technique employed to extract large amounts of data from websites.

424. Xamarin: A Microsoft-owned software company founded in May 2011 that produces tools used for developing cross-platform mobile applications.

425. YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language): A human-readable data-serialization language commonly used for configuration files.

426. Zookeeper: A centralized service for maintaining configuration information, naming, providing distributed synchronization, and providing group services.

427. Agile Methodology: An approach to software development under which requirements and solutions evolve through the collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams and their customer(s)/end user(s).

428. Blockchain: A growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography.

429. Continuous Integration: The practice of merging all developers’ working copies to a shared mainline several times a day.

430. Data Warehouse: A system used for reporting and data analysis, and is considered a core component of business intelligence.

431. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load): The general procedure of copying data from one or more sources into a destination system which represents the data differently from the source(s).

432. Functional Programming: A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.

433. Git: A distributed version-control system for tracking changes in source code during software development.

434. Hadoop: An open-source software framework used for distributed storage and processing of dataset of big data using the MapReduce programming model.

435. Immutable Infrastructure: An approach to managing services and software deployments on IT resources wherein components are replaced rather than changed.

436. JavaScript: A high-level, interpreted programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification.

437. Kubernetes: An open-source container-orchestration system for automating application deployment, scaling, and management.

438. Lambda Function: A function that is passed as an argument to another function.

439. Microservices: A software development technique that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.

440. Node.js: An open-source, cross-platform, JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside of a browser.

441. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): A programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data and code.

442. PostgreSQL: A free and open-source relational database management system emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance.

443. Query Optimization: The process of selecting the most efficient query plan for a given query.

444. RESTful API: An application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST and DELETE data.

445. Scala: A general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system.

446. TypeScript: A programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and adds optional static typing to the language.

447. Unified Modeling Language (UML): A general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.

448. Vagrant: An open-source software product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments.

449. WebSocket: A computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection.

450. XML (eXtensible Markup Language): A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

451. YAML: A human-readable data-serialization language commonly used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted.

452. Zero-day Exploit: A computer-software vulnerability that is unknown to, or unaddressed by, those who should be interested in mitigating the vulnerability.

453. Apache Spark: An open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing.

454. Bash Scripting: A scripting language used by the GNU Bourne-Again Shell (Bash).

455. Continuous Deployment: A software engineering approach in which software functionalities are delivered frequently through automated deployments.

456. Data Lake: A centralized repository that allows you to store all your structured and unstructured data at any scale.

457. Elasticsearch: A distributed, open-source search and analytics engine for all types of data.

458. Functional Testing: A type of software testing that validates the software system against functional requirements/specifications.

459. GraphQL: A query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data.

460. Helm: The package manager for Kubernetes.

461. Infrastructure as Code (IaC): The process of managing and provisioning computer data centers through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools.

462. JWT (JSON Web Token): A compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

463. Kafka Streams: A client library for building applications and microservices, where the input and output data are stored in Kafka clusters.

464. Load Balancing: The process of distributing network or application traffic across multiple servers.

465. MongoDB: A cross-platform document-oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database program, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas.

466. Nginx: A web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.

467. OAuth 2.0: An authorization framework that enables applications to obtain limited access to user accounts on an HTTP service.

468. Prometheus: An open-source systems monitoring and alerting toolkit originally built at SoundCloud.

469. Queue: A collection of entities that are maintained in a sequence and can be modified by the addition of entities at one end of the sequence and the removal of entities from the other end of the sequence.

470. React Native: An open-source mobile application development framework created by Facebook.

471. Serverless Computing: A cloud computing execution model in which the cloud provider runs the server, and dynamically manages the allocation of machine resources.

472. Terraform: An open-source infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp.

473. Unit Testing: A software testing method by which individual units of source code are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.

474. Vue.js: An open-source model–view–viewmodel JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

475. WebAssembly: A binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine.

476. XSS (Cross-Site Scripting): A type of security vulnerability typically found in web applications.

477. YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator): A resource management and job scheduling technology.

478. Zookeeper: A centralized service for maintaining configuration information, naming, providing distributed synchronization, and providing group services.

479. Agile Scrum: An agile framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products, with an initial emphasis on software development.

480. Blockchain Technology: A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system.

481. Continuous Monitoring: An approach to technology and business systems management that ensures organizational and technology risks are effectively managed on an ongoing basis.

482. Data Visualization: The graphic representation of data.

483. Edge Computing: A distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed.

484. Fuzzy Logic: A form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1.

485. Garbage Collection: Automatic memory management in programming languages.

486. Hyperledger: An umbrella project of open-source blockchains and related tools.

487. Immutable Infrastructure: An approach to managing services and software deployments on IT resources wherein components are replaced rather than changed.

488. Julia: A high-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language well-suited for computational science and numerical analysis.

489. Keras: An open-source neural-network library written in Python.

490. Latency: The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer.

491. Microservices Architecture: An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of small autonomous services, modeled around a business domain.

492. Neural Network: A series of algorithms that endeavors to recognize underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the way the human brain operates.

493. OpenShift: A family of containerization software products developed by Red Hat.

494. Puppet: A software configuration management tool which includes its own declarative language to describe system configuration.

495. Quantum Computing: The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.

496. RabbitMQ: An open-source message-broker software that originally implemented the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol.

497. Selenium: A portable framework for testing web applications.

498. TensorFlow: An open-source software library for dataflow and differentiable programming across a range of tasks.

499. Unified Endpoint Management (UEM): A class of software tools that provide a centralized approach to managing and securing all of an organization’s endpoint devices.

500. Virtual Machine (VM): An emulation of a computer system.

This completes the glossary of 500 tech terms and their definitions. The list covers a wide range of topics in technology, from programming languages and frameworks to cybersecurity concepts and cloud computing terminologies. This comprehensive glossary should serve as a valuable reference for understanding various aspects of technology and computer science.